Carthaginian Empire

Abstract The carting Empire was formed in 814 B. C. According to legend, this was when Princess Dido, of Tore fled from her home, current day Lebanon. This was to escape from the clutches of her sidekick Pygmalion who had killed her husband, heir to the throne of Tore after her father died. She fled across the Mediterranean with some citizens of Tore and landed at the tip of Northern Africa, cartage or current day Tunisia. There, she saw that carting was al almost identical an island Jutting out into the Mediterranean, with 2 inlets on either side. It had natural defenses, adept like Tore,Didos homeland. This was the reason why Princess Dido chose this as the place for her new city, carting. consequently, cartage was founded. By 500 BC, It had become a major(ip) Mediterranean king establishing colonies in Corsica, Pizza, North Africa, The Ballerina Islands and Sardinia. It had a population of over ccc 000. Its reign started to decline when Hannibal lost the second treacherou s War. Therefore, we will be focusing on the time period starting from 500 BC till the end of the 2nd Punic War (202 SC). Under avocation, we argon focusing on inter democracyal heap ( throw between The cartageEmpire, North Africa and former(a) cities of the Iberian Peninsula) and how it became an international metropolis referable to its strategic location draw near the Mediterranean trade routes. Under Conflict, we are focusing on force ( go navy) and territorial expansion (Punic Wars). We will be focusing on cartages advanced shipbuilding techniques and how they managed to hold their suffer a slayst a bigger and stronger enemy (capital of Italy) during the 2nd Punic War. Under cultivation, we are focusing on religion and practices. The Punic worshipped most of the gods that were worshipped y the Phoenicians.Also, they had practices like killing their own children. Under Community, we are focusing on government. The government of Cartage was an oligarchic country, which relied on a system of checks and balances and ensured a form of public accountability. Our possible action is that the extent of the Carthaginian Navy and implements of war managed to hold up a gilt-edged imperium, namely the Romans, for such a long time. We intend to express that our hypothesis is true. Community Introduction In this portion we will be talking or so Carthaginian government and governing styles.Aristotle himself ranks this republic as one of the trounce and as an ideal for all to follow. He translates this due to the fact that from Cartages formation to his time, no considerable sedition had disturbed the peace, nor had all big tyrant arisen. Therefore, let us take a walking(prenominal) look at Cartages government and governing style. Government The government of Cartage was do of 3 main authorities. They were the 2 supreme magistrates called suffers, 600 people in the senate and the common public. The suffers played the portion of king, dictator and c onsul. They were elected annually from the most wealthy and influential families.These suffers were empowered to elect the senate and presided over them. One example of a successful this dynasty and brought much success to the Carthaginian through their limitless victories against Rome which allowed Cartage to sustain itself as their offensive nature retard Romeos invasion into Cartage. The senate formed the very soul of the government and were honored on basis of their age, experience, birth, riches, and most grandly their merit. Public Involvement in political relation When there was no clear majority in the number of votes, the question was brought to the people of the public.This merchant ship be seen as an effective course to exhaust factions, produce harmony and to enforce and corroborate good counsel. As a result of this, the Carthaginian forces could be funneled into the war efforts instead of busying themselves with major informal conflicts. Their people had confid ence in the government, therefore there were no major rebellions during the Cartage golden era. Disadvantages Although Cartages government had many advantages, no government is perfect. The Cartage government had two big flaws. Firstly, the government invested the same someone with contrastive employments.However, this is highly prejudicial to the community. Bestowing too many responsibilities on one person makes him proud and dazzles him, while making other people Jealous. This might behave been so in the case of the Ammonias as Hannibal controlled the multitude and his family were part of the suffers and the senate. Secondly, the senate was chosen on demonstrate of birth while the suffers were chosen on base of wealth. Therefore, poverty may exclude people with enormous merit. This is considered as a great evil in a government as law is wholly disregarded while money is all prevalent. cobblers lastThe well- organized oligarch republic of Cartage helped to maintain peace an d stability within the empire so that more attention could be given to further ventures to expand the empire instead of focusing too much on internal problems. Culture The culture of the Carthaginian was very much like their ancestors the Phoenicians. Like each ancient city, Cartage had a large number of gods and goddesses. Also, they were nonoriously cognize for child- sacrifice. Gods and Goddesses The chief god of the Carthaginian was Baa al Hammond while their deity of justification was Maltreat. Baa al Hammond and Tania were considered as the supreme divine people.Most gods of Cartage came from their predecessors, the Phoenicians. Therefore, culture was not a defining feature of Cartage, though it helped to unify the people. Surviving Punic texts give a detailed description of the temples present in Cartage. They say that there was a well-organized caste of temple priests and acolytes performing various duties for a build of prices. Child Sacrifice debate about whether chil d- sacrifice is genuine propaganda or true. Urns taken from these sites have shown to contain ashes of footsies, newborn children and bones of early sheep and goats.These children were sacrificed to their chief god Baa al Hammond to help them win the various wars that they participated in. result In conclusion, the religion of Cartage was not an signifi crumbt factor to its success. The gods and goddesses of Cartage brought hope and security to the people. Each god had a specific section to play be it war, agriculture or rain. The people regarded their gods highly and this female genitals be seen in their coins as they depict their most common god, Tania. The gods and goddesses of Cartage brought hope and security to the people. Each god had a specific role to play be it war, agriculture or rain.The people regarded their gods highly and this can be seen in their coins as they depict their most common god, Tania. Commerce Commerce, for Cartage was its occupation and the very re ason why its army and Ana were so powerful. It formed Cartages greatest strength and was the chief support of the commonwealth. Cartages commerce flourished as it was situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, stretching out wide. Cartage trade took place all over the world, and they traded in a huge variety of goods. Strategic Location Cartage was located in the centre of the Mediterranean and its colonies spread both east and west.Therefore, it made trade with both Africa and europium easier. Also, due to Cartages formidable harbor containing more than 70 commercial ships, it was the best way for Cartage to sail to other parts of the Mediterranean and withal Europe to trade. Goods Bought and Sold The Carthaginian sailed to all countries to buy the superfluities of every nation and sold these goods to fulfill the wants of other nation. From Egypt the Carthaginian bought fine flax, paper, corn, sails, and cables for ships. From the coast of the ruddy Sea they bought spices, fra nkincense, perfumes, gold, pearls and other precious stones.From Tore and Phoenicia, they bought purple and scarlet, rich stuffs, tapestry, pricey furniture and exquisite works of art. They brought back from the western world in exchange for all these luxurious items, iron, tin lead and copper. In so doing so, Cartage became the lord of the seas and sort of the agents of all nations and held east, west and south together. Limitations However, there was a problem with this arrangement. Once Cartage lost control of islands such as Sicily and Sardinia to Rome, they were not able to conduct maritime trade, which was their primary witnesser of income.Thus they were not able to support the vast expenses incurred by the Carthaginian army. Conclusion In conclusion, we can see that Cartages commercial activities were their primary source of income and enabled them to net income such prolonged wars against an equally if not stronger opponent, the Romans. However, due to their lack of smo rgasbord and flexibility and adapting to changing times, they were not able to conduct trade for an broaden period of time. This eventually led to their downfall. The mighty forces of the Carthaginian army were invariably locking horns with other forces in and around the Mediterranean.The lure of the control of trade in the Mediterranean would finally lead to Cartages untimely demise at the hands of the Romans in the third and final Punic War. Harbor The most magnificent aspect of Cartage was its harbor named Cotton. It was what Cartage was all about its heart. The harbor had a common entrance from the sea which was 70 Ft wide and could be closed with iron chains. Inside these chains, there were 2 harbors, one commercial and the other military. Firstly, its large harbor was able to bloodline the huge warships whose design the Carthaginian took from Greece during the initiative Punic War.These warships helped the Carthaginian to gain an upper hand over the Romans until the Roman s stole the design of these warships and improved them to ultimately defeat the Carthaginian. Secondly, Cotton helped house warships and could dock a maximum of 220 warships. This ensured that Cartage will be ready for battle and its army was always prepared. Having a large naval base would cause other countries to be fright and prevent them from attacking Cartage. The Battle of Canaan In the spring of BBC, Hannibal locomote from his camp at Geranium and occupied the detailed of a town called Canaan.He think to attack Canaan so as to be one measurement closer to his dream of crushing the Roman Empire. Hannibal used a superior strategy against the Romans strategy of weakening the centre and in a truehearted and furious bloodbath, The Carthaginian defeated the Romans in a hardly a(prenominal) hours. He faced off against the Romans with an army of 50000 and he was met by a papist army on the fields of battle numbering roughly 76000. The expiration toll slowly rose as the day wo re on . Thus, Hannibal won the Battle of Canaan. Significance of Canaan Canaan was storehouse for grains such as corn.These grains were then delivered to the frontline of the army as and when needed. Although the town itself had been destroyed in the bygone few years, its capture caused huge commotion in Rome. This was because they not further if lost the stores but also the fact that Canaan commanded the surrounding districts. Thus by conquering Canaan, Hannibal disadvantaged Rome in two ways. Firstly, the army that Rome sent to face Hannibal was the biggest they ever did and when they lost 80% of their army, it made a huge dent in their forces. This bought time for Cartage to believe their strategy and reorganize their roofs.Secondly, by cutting off food go forth to the frontline, the Roman army would be short of food and thus not at full strength. This presented another window of opportunity for Hannibal to strike. Another important factor was that Hannibal was able to captu re Roman troops and get intelligence activity about the Roman strategy. In conclusion, we feel that conflict was extremely important in sustaining as going offensive on Rome prevented Rome from invading and destroying Cartage much earlier. Conflict was also major as it brought wealth to Cartage and enabled them to strengthen their military even more.Community, culture, commerce and conflict. all four define a nation in one way or another across the continents. Conflict, in this case, has been the defining factor in Cartages history. It changed the way Cartage was looked upon by the world by proving itself to be a force to be reckoned with. Besides a certain amount of aesthetic value for Cartage, conflict also served to extend Cartages reach down in to Africa as well as territories encompassing the Mediterranean Sea. This can be seen by their rate of territorial expansion.In a matter of a few hundred years, they had grown into n empire that could only be outmatched by Rome, and ha d a military harbor to be like no other. Their generals and weaponry was of high quality, seen by their bronze battering ram- like warship during the 1st Punic War. They also had clever and strategic generals like Hazardous, Whimsical, Hanna and of course Hannibal. Therefore, it can be seen that Cartages reason for success was its military strength and prowess. Although they were extinguished in the end, they will always be remembered as the Lord of the Seas and as the only empire to outmatch Rome.

Positive and negative imacts on environment

earth ar the serve for much than problems on the milieu, right? Actu in ally, piece ca wasting disease many an(prenominal) dogmatic set up In nature. The human racecourse may behave had many contradict impacts on the surround, however we have besides made an allude reduce of positive degree impacts. We have not yet made our environs the trump out it flock be, but we be working hard to tix the problems. in that location is much more that whoremaster be done. The human race can be blamed for destroying our purlieu by doing things such as go forth trash on the coastes and polluting the air with car exhaust.By construct on nd beloved beaches, humans are destroying the nesting grounds for sea turtles, birds, and otherwise beach plants. We in like manner tend to fish too much. While fishing, some deal bring to pass very careless and sometimes destroy coral reefs that sour on the ocean floor. Humans wlll do anything to protect the beach. such as, twist co ncrete barriers to prevent erosion. All these impacts we cause on our milieu are slowly worming into positive ones, because of the steps we have begun to take to learn them. If we are analyzeing to bound them our children fortake see the great effect we are making on the nvironment and trust to follow our example.Humans have intimate to increase the amount of knead yields to feed the hungry. In doing this we can have healthier humans that want to help masturbate the environment gage on track. Along with this idea we are as well move to use natural resources Instead of harsh chemicals, which In turn entrust wee-wee a positive impact on the environment. The fewer chemicals we shed Into the environment the less chance we have of destroying our ozone layer. Also there forget be less of a chance of contaminating our water, as well. Could having more run ields be a positive effect on the environment?In many shipway It can have a posluve effect on the environment, but in some other slipway it can also harm it. It can help the environment by giving the insects and animals more food to survive. The more animals that survive the discontinue the environment will be. Without the population of animals there would be no environment for humans. In many slipway this cant help the environment, one of these ways is because we humans want to try to keep the animals away from the crops. Why? They want more food. To do this we will have to se more chemicals.The more chemicals we use, the more negative impacts we correct on the environment, rather than positive effects. In almost all situations, all we have to do Is choose whether or not we want to chance on a positive impact or negative Impact on the environment. Just remember when you make positive choices you will always get positive results back. positive and negative imacts on environment By ramyanp7 humans cause many positive effects in nature. The human race may have had many are working hard to plenty the problems. at that place is much more that can be done. The loor.Humans will do anything to protect the beach, such as, building concrete are also trying to use natural resources instead of harsh chemicals, which in turn will create a positive impact on the environment. The fewer chemicals we put into the be less ofa chance of contaminating our water, as well. Could having more crop fields be a positive effect on the environment? In many ways it can have a positive animals there would be no environment for humans. In many ways this cant help to do is choose whether or not we want to make a positive impact or negative impact imperious and Negative Imacts on EnvironmentHumans are the cause for many problems on the environment, right? Actually, humans cause many positive effects in nature. The human race may have had many negative impacts on the environment, however we have also made an equal number of positive impacts. We have not yet made our environment the best it can be , but we are working hard to fix the problems. There is much more that can be done. The human race can be blamed for destroying our environment by doing things such as deviation trash on the beaches and polluting the air with car exhaust.By building on and near beaches, humans are destroying the nesting grounds for sea turtles, birds, and other beach plants. We also tend to fish too much. While fishing, some people become very careless and sometimes destroy coral reefs that grow on the ocean floor. Humans will do anything to protect the beach, such as, building concrete barriers to prevent erosion. All these impacts we make on our environment are slowly turning into positive ones, because of the steps we have begun to take to fix them.If we are trying to fix them our children will see the great effects we are making on the environment and want to follow our example. Humans have learned to increase the amount of crop yields to feed the hungry. In doing this we can have healthier hum ans that want to help get the environment back on track. Along with this idea we are also trying to use natural resources instead of harsh chemicals, which in turn will create a positive impact on the environment. The fewer chemicals we put into the environment the less chance we have of destroying our ozone layer.Also there will be less of a chance of contaminating our water, as well. Could having more crop fields be a positive effect on the environment? In many ways it can have a positive effect on the environment, but in some other ways it can also harm it. It can help the environment by giving the insects and animals more food to survive. The more animals that survive the better the environment will be. Without the existence of animals there would be no environment for humans.In many ways this cant help the environment, one of these ways is because we humans want to try to keep the animals away from the crops. Why? They want more food. To do this we will have to use more chemica ls. The more chemicals we use, the more negative impacts we put on the environment, rather than positive effects. In almost all situations, all we have to do is choose whether or not we want to make a positive impact or negative impact on the environment. Just remember when you make positive choices you will always get positive results back.

Educator In Community Essay

Initial judgment should focus on learning styles and familiarity level of students. This tin can be accomplished by asking the anticipation of students, activities that they want to participate in and through an assessment of existing skills and competencies. The book educator essential then mediate the course objectives with the result of these tests assessment of the class must be bridges with the target outcomes for students (Priest, 2004).Instructional strategies should let in literature, practical demonstrations and activities as well investigative or question activities. interlingual rendition materials should be supported by activities that will allow the students to experience what they call for read. Further reinforcement should be done through participation in discussions and research activities.Processing by students of the strategies and assessment by the teachers performance can then be used to determine shat activities or strategies is most telling for the cla ss (Gay et al, 2006). Testing of students should assess their understanding of the significance of each fragment in the educational program. Evaluation of which teaching strategy, literature, practical or research based activities, should be done as a means of initial assessment and to gauge what strategy will be used in the program.Similar settings for health education should be assess individually, either anonymously or through personal or written by students, as well as a group to promote collaboration among participants and the confine education. Nurse educators in community and staff education settings have to be sensitive regarding their audience and at the same time must not discriminative regarding the level of learning requires of their students (Blair, 2004 Priest, 2004).This entails effective assessment tools to gauge study knowledge and the learning style of students (Gay et al, 2006). Nurse educators must expect that strategies must respond to the characteristics of their audience rather than the reverse and that. This will entail ever redeveloping teaching methods to allow communities to work collaboratively with nurse educators in promoting long-term and sustainable health programs.

Book Review Why We Don’t Listen Essay

James C. Peterson, author of wherefore Dont We bew atomic number 18 kick downstairs? Communicating & Connecting in Relationships, through trial and error knowledgeable the value of dialogue balancing in which he found that the counselor must listen awhile, talk until the other person stops hear and then listen until the person calms enough to hear again. (Peterson, 2007 Pg. 5) This concept is hypertrophied into a carry through in which Peterson calls the flat-brain syndrome. The purpose of the writing of this al-Quran harmonize to Peterson was to assist couples in gaining the communication skills required to improve their relationship.In this defend Peterson articulates to make personal connection with quite a little communication skills need to mean the suffer, which puts our feelings into words, the kernel which makes clear that we are putting our own feelings into words and the take aim which puts our thoughts into words. (Peterson, 2007 Pg. 16) Peterson says that he uses the flat-brain syndrome to understand the problem of failed communication. Peterson explains communication is the lubrication designed to keep our functions of stomach, heart, and laissez passer spend a pennying separately and together (Peterson 2007, Pg. 6). The gifted Peterson also takes the concept of the flat brain syndrome a step further by relating to the reader what happens when our systems (stomach, heart and head) get out of whack. (Peterson 2007, Pg. 23)In this scenario Peterson uses these parts to show what happens to communication, for instance stomach overloads, hearts might turn bricklike, brains can go flat, and hearing is altered. These things of movement alter the way we hear and feel. These things then set us up to fall into the flat-brain syndrome. Peterson 2007 35-48) In part two Peterson explains the talker-listener growth or what he refers to as TLC which exhibits his feelings somewhat the solid counseling subroutine. Part three explains t he techniques Peterson uses in comprehend and the traps one can fall into in the process. The process used by Peterson in this appropriate relates things that he has tested and that work for the counselor. In closing Peterson makes clear that to put wheels on your technique, the counselor must exhibit warmth, genuineness and empathy.Why Dont We Listen offend?Communicating & Connecting in Relationships is a book written from the human counselor perspective. Peterson uses examples of everyday objects to relate positive plans for the counselor to put into action to progress to really positive results. Where many writers fail at connecting with their readers, Peterson brings a amply level of understanding and process explanation simply by being down to earth in his communication. The whole goal of the book seemed to be to make a progressive and positive change in the process the non-professional counselor could use to aid and assist his counselee.From reading the title of the book one might think that sense of hearing is the key to the whole process but Peterson adds to the process by incorporating the qualities that pastor counselors should strive to achieve. Those qualities are fondness for the counselee, genuine concern for them and the desire to point them at the real counselor. verbal expression In reflecting upon the teachings of Dr. Peterson in Why Dont We Listen breach? Communicating & Connecting in Relationships, I am reminded of a conversation I had with my middle son and his wife just recently.In particular this book has taught me that I need to listen better and that my boys and their wives are not children anymore. I serve as a missionary to the Navajo in Thoreau, NM. The sphere of influence is desolate, dry, risque and poor. My wife and I had provided a house for our son and daughter-in-law on the shoes of the church but the time came when they decided they needed to be in a big town where they could both work and do the things unripened people do. For my wife and I it was a terrible time. We love our kids and we retain alship canal been very close.My son tried to explain to me that he needed to find a good job and there were none in Thoreau and that they wanted to be independent. As I look back I realise how bad I was at listening to people that I love. I said it will cost you more than here and I am not going to support you so you can hold up in Albuquerque. As I think back I realize that I should carry listened much better. All the things I told him came true and they came to me for suspensor over and over.Some would say well then why do you think that the listening thing was so important? The answer is a beautiful onejust the other day I offered to swear out him work on his car and he said to me Thats O. K. dadaism I have saved up the money to get a mechanic. Small thing to others I would say but to me he was video display me that he really had grown up. Investigation I must say that I enjoyed reading Why Dont We Listen Better? Communicating & Connecting in Relationships. The book helped me to look at several realities nearly my life as well as my feelings compared to my reactions. I learned that the best(p) way to have a positive relationship is to take place.For many geezerhood the most important thing I feel that I have learned is the art of communication. Peterson has written theories that are effective and have been proved over time. Peterson has given himself to the problem of effective communication, to assisting others and to repairing and building relationships. The book was so easy to understand that I felt like I knew a lot about what Peterson was saying but I learned divide of new things as well. The talker-listener card strategy and the flat-brain theory are things that I will use in the future.It has been hard for me to listen attentively when the communication involves my kids especially when emotions are high but according to the flat-brain theory this is an area that I can work to improve upon. Peterson gives an excellent explanation about how the talker-listener card can work for me and my sons when issues like the one described higher up come about. Peterson has developed his processes from experiences he has had as a pastoral counselor. Why Dont We Listen Better? Communicating & Connecting in Relationships has taught me to be a better listener and how to speak altogether when the counselee is actively listening to me.This is really a great book for those that want to learn to communicate with others better and to connect with the other party. Application As mentioned before I found this book to be very useful not only in my relationships with my family but also in dealing with the Navajo people in general. One of the things peculiar to many of the Navajo people is that they have specific ways of saying things that to the novice might not mean a whole lot but the talker-listener card methodology will help me in reaching out for th eir inner feelings, thoughts and desires.After reading this book I find many things that I can do to improve myself. When have with the 7 Spiritual Gifts with 4 (DISC) Personality Types I have discovered some important information that will help me in my ministry. For example the spiritual gifts and behavioral blends specific to me are that my Primary Spiritual Gifts are Encouraging/Exhorting (58/60), Mercy (58/60) and Serving/Ministry/Helps (57/60). My behavioral blends say that what is expected of me is S/D but I am really C/S. My basal spiritual gifts were found to be Encouraging / Exhorting, Mercy and Serving / Ministry / Helps.I plan to take the profile to heart mainly because some of the people that know me best have said that the profile was me exactly and I agree. I plan to use the suggested scripture to help me work on my weaknesses and to improve on my strengths. I have made a arrangement to myself and will ask God to help me to listen to what others have to say. I wil l incorporate a check system to improve my listening technique. I will actively try to listen to the problems of those seeking my advice. I will also attempt to share my thoughts and feelings without labeling, accusing or judging.

Advantage and Disadvantage Being a Police Officer

I would love to be a legal philosophy officer. I, have wanted to do this type of work because, it is an raise c arer that will allow me to make a difference in my community. I know that being a police officer flock be a on the hook(predicate), difficult and stressful job. However, it rear also be a rewarding in doing what Id love to do. Two definite challenges in being a police officer will be dangerous nature of the work and the long hours along with shift work.In addition separately day you got to work, risking your life to protect the community, so you often put your sustain safety at the back of your mind. Racing through traffic to discourtesy scenes, risking being shot and approaching unsuspecting criminals are just both(prenominal) of the daily activities that make the job dangerous and unpredictable. While there are bound to be lots of challenges, the rewards should outweigh them. First of all you can meet a variety of people, it can be a niggle alternative to a borin g desk job.It is immensely satisfying to save lives all(prenominal) day and also to help people make better choices. about often you will encounter people at their worst (drug addicts, syndicate members, thieves). The most satisfying aspect of working as a police officer is the unique opportunity you have to show these people a better way. Working as a police officer would not always be easy. Every day would be sure to obtain its challenges. Whatever the challenges, the ultimate reward would be following my dream and component part keep my community peaceful and safe.

Mahayana Buddhism

Asian Behavior and Thought 10/16/12 Study Guide 7 Mahayana Buddhism 1. What atomic number 18 the four deluxe states? 1. Boundless love is related to friendliness. Buddhists cultivate love that is limitless and unlimited, ground on the knowledge that every(prenominal) are one in the nautical of love. 2. Boundless compassion is the intense fellow feeling one should nominate for all in all living beings who suffer by dint of pain, anxiety, ignorance and illusion. 3. Sympathetic joy- moves one to try out happiness and prosperity of opposites and rejoice with them. . Equanimity is the sense of nonattachment to self-importance and to the world that the arhat achives by following the path of transformation and grow out all desire and clinging. 2. What is betimes Buddhisms view of solid well-being? Buddhist vision for society is the fundamental principle that all types of people are equal and that honor depends not on pile of birth but on moral and spiritual achievement?. ( i s this the answer) 3. How does the respectable life of lay persons compare with that of monks and nuns?Lay people There are many scriptures that spell out practical guidance and concrete disciplines for the up indemnify life. There are five percepts that leads the good life of compassion, love and fulfillment. maiden percept is the principle of nonviolence image expands not save to human but also to animals. 2nd percept is not to steal imagination expands to avoild all forms of cheating, dishonest dealings to gain advantage over the others and so forth 3rd percept is refrain from wrongful sexual relation concept expands to be married and have sexual intercourse in the right way. th percept is refrain from wrongful speech that would cause others hatred, enmity, & dishmarmony. And fifth percept is refrain from drugs and liquor because it can cause breaking of other percepts. Monks and nuns has to follow high level of detachment from those material, economic and social atta chments that specify life for lay people. They have 10 percepts. 1. Taking life, 2. Not stealing. 3. cozy misconduct 4. Lying. 4. Drugs and liquor 5. Drugs and liquor 6. Earing after noon 7. Watching shows, tattle and dancing 8. Using adornments of perfumes etc. 9.Sleeping in a high hit the sack and 10. Handling gold or silver. 4. Outline an overview of the general spread of Buddhism by Asia. Theravada (ways of elders) came to be dominant in South Asia and South east Asia (especially in Srilanka). Mahayana (greater vehicle one reaching the terminal was being broadened to include others, evening lay people) Buddhisim spreaded throughout the lands of East Asia ( monks and missionaries brought Buddhism to China than from China it spreaded to Vietnam, Korea and Japan). Vahrayana (diamond vehicle or tantrism) was accepted in Tibet and 1 Japanese Buddhist school. 5.How is Mahayana Buddhism distinguished from Early Buddhism. Mahayana discarded the narrower concept of the arhat as th e one reaching the goal was being broadened to include others even laypeople. Al can be evenly on the path toward achieveing Buddhahood While Theravada(early Buddhism) only focused on true teachings of the Buddha. 6. In Mahayana Buddhism what is a bodhisattva? Bodhisattva- being who is intent on becoming full enlightened in Mahayana Buddhism, one who reaches enlightenment but vows to continvue rebirths in samsara to do others. 7. How does the conception of Buddha change?The Mahayana group expanded the conception of who or what the Buddha is. They emphasize that Buddha is heartyly the eternal power of the Dharma and that this Dharma body of Buddha is universal. Dharma body is the only real body of Buddha and it is ultimate reality. 8. What is the relation of nirvana to samsara? Nirvana is freedom from samsara and thitherfore, is a permanent, unconditioned state. Nirvana is not in any sense bid God but Nirvana is a reality experienced inwardly as it were a state of unconditione d freedom. 9What are the meaning of vacuum (shunyata) and suchness (tathata)?Emptiness is actually the common predicate of all dharmas. Emptiness delegacy the absence of own being, where own being means something existing through its own power and having an immutable essence. So emptiness is really the comparable as the truth of dependent co-arising. Mahaynnists point out that not only are all conditioned dharmas empty but also the unconditioned reality of nirvana is empty. This leads to the idea that both Nirvana and samsara is empty there is no difference btw them. Suchness is seeing the world as it really is. Karuna Buddhist ideal of compassionPure Land focusing on worship of AMitabha Budhha, with hope of conversion pureland paradise. Amitabha supernal Buddha who presides over the pure land Buddha realm Chan school of hypothesis Buddhism in China, Korea. Zen important school of meditation Buddhism in lacquer Lotus Sutra imp. Early scriptures ofMahayana Buddhism. Vajra jana Damond Vehicle, tantric tradition of Buddhism especially in Tibet and Japan. Mandala flick of cosmic Buddhas or a symbolice cosmos, used especially in Vajrayana Buddhist ritual and meditation. Dharma teachings of budhha ependent co-arising (dependent origination) central Buddhist teaching that everything is conditioned by something else, that all reality is interdependent. Three Bodies (Trikaya) Dharma body universal Buddha essence. Bliss Body heavenly Buddhas and Transformation body human manifestations of Buddha. Mahavairocana great sun Buddha IITuesday, October 23. Tibetan Buddhism. In class video The Reincarnation of Khensur Rinpoche Read Ch. 6 pp. 103, 106-108. Iyer Pico on the Dalai genus Lama (on Blackboard). 2nd ed. Ch. 6 95, 98-100 1. What are some of the special characteristics of Tibetan Buddhism?The religious specialists were the lamas. Tantrik Buddhists actively engage with their feelings, emotions and imagination. For example, during meditation they wil l imagine what it was like to be the Buddha in a certain place or time. 2. Based on Pico Iyers presentation, how would you describe the Dalai Lama? 3. What stands out most to you personally in Iyers presentation? Why? Lama spiritual masters practically thought to be living gods Dalai Lama head of the Geluk Tibetain Buddhist school, traditionally recognized as spiritual and political leader of Tibetans.

Hazards of Unsafe Driving Essay

tearaway(a) in and of itself is unsafe in its nature. The only(prenominal) affaire nourishmenting you connected to the ground is in effect(p) intravenous feeding low-pitched patches of rubber. That is exactly why we should non express more happens opus unprompted. Sure it may bring inm equal you have layer of trade name protecting you, alone when you sort at it, at that place is re wholey non a lot mingled with you and the ground when your going 50 miles an hour. The lay on the lines of non following the rules of the channel give the bounce be devastating. Not only stick emerge unsafe driving try you to postulate a ticket and points once against your license yet it b peck morose also cause serious injury and lamentably death in some cases. Must happenings be pr how invariablytable by doing a a couple of(prenominal) flyspeck amours to insure your safety? I bank I point somewhere that some 95% of all accidents are poser error, which means nearl y every(prenominal) single accident that occurs coffin nail be pr eveted by driving safely.One of the mustiness common hazards of the passstead is letting you get distracted by small things that you likely do nearly every sentence you sit behind the wheel of a car. In some cases, veritable(a) more so with teenagers than any opposite group of raft, otherwise passengers in the car shtup distract you, you send a elbow room get in a heated debate and begin to pulley-block paying attention to the road and only to a passenger, fiddling with the communicate is also other big one, I remember reading a story of a shout who reached in his concealmentseat to change his tape and got in an accident and got killed because of it. A nonher big one is expectant deal see an accident and watch it instead of the road, sometimes almost causing them to be get into another(prenominal) accident. My ma once got in an accident by turning nigh for only just a second or so to see what my brother complaining about, the strike was green when she looked back but quick turned yellow, the car in drive of her stop and boomed, she hit it. It undersurface only take a second or 2 of feel extraneous to cause a spartan situation that layabout be comfortably avoided. It croup wait until the next red light or better yet when your off the road.Driving plot of land tired is an marvellous risk, I remember a fewer years back when a truck stimulater fell asleep at the wheel and caused an colossal crash on a freeway killing a few hatful, why you ask? Because he failed to take therequired 15 consequence nap break that he was required by law to. instantly you do not even have to worry about victorious back movies late anymore, they have it to where you bathroom just bring it in the next morning There is really no reason to gross out while tired, just have someone else causal agency, or if you are on a long road trip with no hotel in comprehend for a long time, just pull everywhere to the road and take a fiddling nap for 15-30 transactions to assistance you after part it the rest of the way. Must people venture turning up the music or opening a window supports them stay awake, but the fact is stu authorizes envision that it does not matter a bit if you blast the music as loud as it will go or open a window on a freezing night. The best thing to do is to just not drive or have someone else drive for you who awake plenty to be able to drive liable.A even bigger and probably the easiest risk to avoid while driving is eroding your seatbelt. Thousands of people die each year because they break the law and take int do one of the easiest things executable, buckling up. Some people regulate they remember seatbelts can kill people. That is true seatbelts have killed and injured people. But they help way more than they hurt. Without them worldy people would be dead or seriously injured, they allow people who should have died in an accident to come out of it without a scratch. My grandfather died before I was even born, he died in a car accident and was thrown through his windshield, they say if he wore his seatbelt he would have lived.He died before I ever got to meet him. Why some people take that risk every day, I will never k flat, even my dad (on his posture was the side of my family on which my grandfather died) stickyly if ever warpings up, you would think of all people he would always buckle up because thats how he befuddled his father. Some people think the air bag will deliver up them but its simply not true if you fatality to enlighten sure that you minimize your risks as much(prenominal) as possible youll buckle up. alley rage, is another very important unsafe driving hazard. Road rage has seemed too spurred to new levels in recent years as before it was very uncommon to hear of someone beating up another person for cutting them off. It is a fact of life when you drive you will be cut off, tailgated and whatnot. You just have to learn how to make sure that you can handle the situations to where you do not allow yourself to get angry enough to whereyou do something violent like that to harm another person or the property. Also a simple way to help make sure youre not the victim of someone else road rage, if you have you did something wrong and cut someone off sometimes a simple wave of the hand in showing an apology is enough to cool someone off.Speeding, it seems like everyone does it right? Well the majority of people do, from what I can place from people Ive asked, driving with other people, and just looking out at the roads, it seems like everyone is in a hurry to get thither, and get there promptly. Some people are not even in a hurry they just focal ratio because there use to it, sure its unremarkably only five over, but that still pep pilling, some people do it because they get a rush from going fast, others because they are in a hurry to get where they w ant to go, or there late. Some people do it just out of habit their use to going 30 in 25s or 50 in 45s because they normally wint get pulled over for only going five over so they decide theyll do it. While others do it but take upt mean to, sometimes when you drive for a long time you feignt release that your going 5-10 miles over. Speeding is probably the biggest hazard of driving that must people do, and its also one of the must risk of infectionous people can do. Speeding can cause foul accidents and can turn cars into something for the junkyard.Avoiding traffic signs or signals is another big one. My mom has been hit twice, one by someone who ran a red light and another by someone who ran a stop sign. In small neighborhoods where not too many cars come by, or late at night when it seems like youre the only one on the road some people think there cant possible be any other cars coming and decide to run it. Or theyll see the yellow light from a distance and say to themselfs I can make it when in fact theyll actually be going through it because the time they get there it will be red. Must of the accidents I have seen in my life are at intersections where I can only assume it was because someone has run a red light. Many people dont even wordy down for yellows they speed up when they shouldnt. usually theres that few seconds where the lights are changing and they can make it, but every now and than someone misjudges their timing and gets hit.Drinking and driving, easily avoidable by everyone, people like to drink, sometimes they dont inhabit when they should stop and constrain impaired. Some of them even try to get behind the wheel of a car. Sometimes a friend will take them home or let them stay at their house until they sober up but other times there not so luckily in keeping them off the road and the driver cant even tell which side of the road there supposes to be on. I saying an accident on T.V. a few years back where a guy had been drinking du ring his entire day of fishing out at the lake and decided to go home. He swerved over into another guys lane at 70 miles an hour the other guy was squeeze off the road where hes jeep flipped over. Luckily because the man was wearing a seatbelt he lived with no serious injurys but his car was totaled. lamentably some people cant even tell theyre drunk and think theyre fine. Sadly many people die a year because of this, I read somewhere that in one summer more people die from drinking and driving accidents than the come up of people who died during the entire Vietnam war. Now that is a lot of deaths the can be prevented if people just dont drive impaired.A lot of people drive the exact same when its raining or snowing. When in fact they should be giving themselfs a extra few seconds of room between them and the car in front of them and break sooner. When its raining and theres even a little water on the ground when you go fast enough the car no longer even has mite with the groun d but only the water, now thats unsafe A lot of people loose control of there cars and crash when there is icy or wet roads out. Its also very easily avoidable, giving yourself a few extra seconds going maybe 5-10 miles sulky than one would normally go would almost eliminate any risk of driving in bad weather. Also if its raining to hard to where its make it nearly impossible to see through the windshield, pull over Normally when it rains that hard it will only last for a few minutes or so. Pulling over for that time helps make sure that you dont ram a person in front of you because you cant see them.Driving to close behind someone, it takes you longer than you think to release something is wrong and than to move your foot to the break, in that crucial amount of time it could be to late, giving yourself distance fromthe car in front of you is the easiest thing to do, just let off the gas and be at least 3 seconds in normal weather and a little longer in bad weather behind someone and youll be a lot safer. Not only is driving at a distance safer the driver in front will appreciate it greatly. We all know theres nothing worse than thinking the guy behind us is about to ram the back of our car.Driving with incorrect equipment, sometimes not the easiest thing to recognize but certainly a easy one to fix. You may not notice your light is burnt out or your single is not working right away as soon as it happens, but when you do you should have it repaired as soon as possible. Having your lights not working makes you incredibly less seeable at night, nearly impossible to see at times depending on how dark outside it is. It helps a bunch to be able to tell where your going to other cars, not being able to single mighty with a turn single can make it really hard and frustrating the driver who didnt know you were going to be mournful into his or her lane. Theres really no reason to let a flat be a flat, now you can debase a can to fix small leaks and pay a quarter to have it filled up again. Maybe not the must dangerous hazard out there but certainly one to keep a eye on.Being prepared for situations is also a great fancy to help minimize the risks of you getting into trouble out on the road, knowing where your hazard lights are in a dread can be invaluable. My mom in one of her accidents in a panic forgot where her hazard lights were, in the evening other cars could not tell she was stopped and not only was she hit once she was also hit again from behind because a car could not see her stopped in the middle of the road. Knowing not to panic in accidents insures your safety while driving and makes your odds for survival greater when in accidents. A wide majority of people panic when involved in accidents and only cause greater damage to themselfs or others because they do not know how to properly respond to a situation.Knowing the driving laws where you live or are going Its probably one of the must easiest things to miss, when I went t o genus Arizona for the summer the speed limits in the city I was in was normally 35, I was not used to it, becausearound here the speed limits on must main roads are 45 Watching for the signs can help you not become a hazard. Also when my dad came up here a few months ago for my sisters graduation he was unfamiliar with(predicate) with the Michigan right as we like to call it, and had no idea he had to go right to go left. Sometimes it can be hard just to know the speed limits and other odds and ends in driving in your own state, becoming familiar with your own area is a good example to, must people miss the fact that Middlebelt is 40 and normally go much faster Knowing your roads, the speed limits, and any other posted sign can be an enormous help in driving safely.Knowing where the cars around you are can also be a big help to, knowing where that bike is so you dont cut him off is invaluable, motorcyclists have virtually no protection from cars and if one gets hit thats prett y much it for him or her thats on it. Checking your blind spots, probably the 1 thing must people forgot to do is a huge thing, we all know theres spaces you can not see if you just look straight ahead and only at your mirror . You do not want to just check your mirror and than smack right into someone because you were to lazy to glance in the direction you were going in. Its also a safe idea to not be right next to a car, they say if the car sees a immediate danger to going to swerve into the closest lane, which normally in a two lane road would be where you are, they say to try and space yourself to where your not next to a car beside you, because if you dont, and they see a danger odds are there coming for you and the only other alternative you have is to go right into oncoming traffic.Not knowing what to do in certain situations is another huge one, a few months back when we had the power outage that took out many stop lights, must people did not know that a down traffic light is suppose to be treated as a four way stop unless a officer is there controlling the situation. Some people do not follow the directions of officers to go other directions and become a hazard to other responsible people who are following the directions giving to them by the officer. Others can get in the way of a fire truck or ambulance as there passing because they do not release there suppose to get over and out of the way so that they can pass quickly and not have to work there way through traffic.With every single example above there is several(prenominal) things in common, they can all be incredibly dangerous, sometimes even deadly, and they are all incredibly easy to avoid doing for the must part. Driving in and of itself is a very dangerous thing to do, Doing the things above only makes something thats dangerous even more dangerous. Taking dangerous risks like those above can cost you more than just a few bucks from your wallet, a point or two against your drivers license, o r a small insurance increase, it can cost you your life. Not only that but now a days its more important than ever to have a clean driving record. It helps show your responsible to employers and that you follow rules accordingly. If a handicraft requires driving and you have a clean record compared to someone who has a few tickets, odds are there going to choose you instead. health insurance, life insurance, some of there premiums are based off your driving record believe it or not Driving safely wont cost you anything but it can save you a net ton of money. Not only that but the time you have to take off work to go to court, the fines youll pay, the insurance increase, its all just not expenditure it. Not only will you save your wallet, you might just save your life or someone with you, you do not want to be held responsible for the death of a friend who is in the car with you because you did not prevent it from happening when you could have, it would truly be a horrible thing t o live with for the rest of someones life, knowing there responsible for the death of the friend or a family member. Driving safely is probably the easiest thing a person can do and driving safely far outweighs the benefits of driving carelessly.