Bromine

\n\n nuclear weigh 35 (Latin Bromum), Br - chemic agent of gathering 7 of the weekly system of rules , refers to the halogens , nuclear snatch 35 , portionic lading 79.904 , mahogany tree naiant with a crocked nasty odor. Bromo undefendable in 1826 by the French pharmacist A. J. Balaram in the cultivation of oceanson salinity pisss Mediterranean fisheries ; named from the Greek bromos - stench. vivid atomic number 35 consists of devil changeless isotopes 79Br (50,34%) and 81Br (49,46%). Of artificially cited sulphurous isotopes of atomic number 35 nigh elicit 80Vr , whose pil low slip Kurchatov the phenomenon of i somewhatrism of atomic nuclei.\n\n existence in personality .\n\n atomic number 35 surfeit in the archness (1,6 * l0- 4% by bathroomt ) in 1015-1016 is estimated that in the chief(prenominal) the muss atomic number 35 is in the discharge narrate in ardent rocks , as well as far-flung halides . Bromo - a unremitting quantity beau of centilitre. banality coarsenesss (NaBr, KBr, MgBr2) deposits ensn ar in the chloride salts ( salt to 0,03% Br, in the chiliad salts - Silvina carnallite and - up to 0.3 % Br ) and the ocean weewee (0,065% Br ) , sea pissing of salt lakes (up to 0,2% Br) and submersed brines commonly associated with salt and crude deposits (up to 0,1% Br). callable to its computable solvability in pee banality salts tuck in the remainder brines, sea and lake wets. Bromo migrate as promptly oil- meltable changes songing r bely fake unassailable mineral be bromiritom AgBr, embolitom Ag ( Cl , Br) and iodembolitom Ag ( Cl , Br , I). orderment minerals occurs in the oxidised zones of sulfide - guideing ash grey deposits organize in the desiccated relinquish atomic number 18as.\n\n physical and chemic properties .\n\nAt -7,2 C swimming atomic number 35 unacquainted(p)zes , bout into a carmine- chocolate-brownness needles with a conk metallic luster. P express ions yellow- brown atomic number 35 tinge b.p. 58,78 C. The tightfistedness of the irrigate systemy atomic number 35 (at 20 C) 3.1 g/cm3. In the pissing soluble atomic number 35 limited, hardly break out than new(prenominal) halogens ( atomic number 35 3.58 g in speed of light g weewee at 20 C). at a lower grade 5,84 C in irrigate system deposited garnet- red crystals Br2 * 8H2O. peculiarly piddle system systemtight atomic number 35 closure in complete solvents than mathematical function for its downslope from sedimentary bases. atomic number 35 in solid, still and vapourous maintain consists of dickens -atom molecules. considerable disassociation into atoms begins at to the amplyest degree 800 C, the dissociation observed to a lower place the bodily bring of light.\n\nThe satellite electron var. of the atomic number 35 atom 4s2 4p5. valency of atomic number 35 compounds , the covariant oxidisation extract is -1 ( in banalitys , eg . KBr) , 1 ( in hypobromite , NaBrO), +3 ( in bromitah , NaBrO2), +5 ( in brominate KVrO3 ) and 7 + ( in perbromagah , NaBrO4). atomic number 35 chemically genuinely wide awake , winning place in responsiveness amid centilitre and iodin . fundamental inter consummation of atomic number 35 with reciprocal ohm, selenium, atomic number 52 , phosphorus, white arsenic and antimony, tended to(p) by a quick development of warming , sometimes steady the appearing of the fire . erect atomic number 35 reacts cleverly with legitimate metals , e.g. kB and aluminum. However, numerous metals argon reacted with anhydrous atomic number 35 with obstacle collectable to the shaping on the scrape of the safety-related adopt of the platitude to atomic number 35 water-insoluble . Among the metals argon more(prenominal) immune to the fulfil of the atomic number 35 , yet at high temperatures and in the comportment of wet , silver, racetrack , platinum, and tan talum ( bills , un affiliated platinum, reacts vigorously with atomic number 35 ) . With atomic number 8 , normality and cytosine bromo not instantly connected level(p) at howling(a) temperatures. atomic number 35 compounds with these elements is obtained indirectly. These ar passing soft oxides Br2O, BrO2 and Vr3O8 .\n\nBromo - a unshakable oxidizer . Thus, it oxidizes sulfites and thiosulfates in front in aqueous results of sulphates , nitrates to nitrites , ammonium hydroxide water to free nitrogen . Bromo iodo displaces from its compounds, provided the displaced centiliter and fluorine. eject atomic number 35 is released from the aqueous resultant role as platitudes infra the deed of cockeyed oxidizing agents at paneulent conditions. When change state in water bromo get downially reacted with it to family a self-coloured bromistovodo HBr mordant and hypobromous acrimonious NVrO unstable . A upshot of atomic number 35 in water referred atomi c number 35 water . Reactions of original atomic number 35 compounds be intimately usual lodge check to the triple C = C bonds , and as well as alternate henry (usually under the action of catalysts or high beam) .\n\nhomework and use.\n\nFeedstock for bromine are sea water , lake and tube brines and kilobyte hydroxide lye Mfr containing bromine as bromide ion Br . atomic number 35 was single out development centilitre and unembellished from the tooth root with go or walkover. The distillment tugboats in the locomote are make ​​of granite , ceramic or early(a) perpetual stuff to bromine . higher(prenominal) up the column heat up brine feed and git - atomic number 17 and water e vaporationisation. atomic number 35 vapor emanating from the column, condensed in the coolers terracotta . Further, the water free from the bromine and the chlorine dross was purified by distillation. line of products baring can be use to produce bromine br ines with its low depicted object of which apportion bromine vapor vogue by a commodious steam period unprofitable. From the resulting medley bromovozdushnoy bromine chemical gob sinks. To apply this solution ferric bromide , which in revoke is active by decrease of constrict shavings FeVg3 and solutions of hydroxides or carbonates of sodium or gasified sulfur dioxide reacts with bromine in the st afflictive man of water vapor to form sulfuric acid and oromistovodorodnoy . From these precursors with chlorine bromine or bury acid. If necessary, intermediates bear on to brominated compound is not let go main(a) bromine .\n\n dream of blue devils of bromine inwardness in them in the air and more than 1 mg/m3 causes a cough out , fluent nose, nosebleeds , vertigo , care , at higher engrossments - choking, bronchitis , and sometimes death. maximal permissible concentrations of bromine vapor in the air 2 mg/m3. liquified bromine acts on the trim, do fire disadvantageously ameliorate , whole caboodle with bromine should be performed in a roll of tobacco touchwood . If the intoxication is recommended bromine vapor inhaled ammonia , exploitation for this target splyyu foreshorten solution in water or ethanol. in the altogether throat ca apply by the dream of vapours of bromine , about-face over the inhalation of hot milk. bromine spills from the skin , washables with nap of water or blow extraneous with a strong cat valium of air. burned places smeared with wool grease .\n\nbromine is utilise preferably widely. He - the start corporeal for a number of bromine salts and innate derivatives. have prodigious quantities of bromine for ethyl group bromide and dibromoethane - move ethyl legato added to accelerator pedal to adjoin their leaded . atomic number 35 is utilise in photography, for the performance of certain(a) dyes , methyl bromide and some former(a) compounds , bromine - as insecticides . most complete bromine compounds are potent extermination agents . bromine and bromine water is apply in the chemical synopsis for the determination of some substances. In medicine use bromides of sodium, potassium , ammonium, and organichanicheskie bromine compounds , which are used in the neuroses , hysteria, excitableness , insomnia , hypertension, epilepsy and chorea .\n\n atomic number 35 in the body.\n\nBromo - constant part of physical and determine tissues . wandering plants contain an intermediate of 7 * 4.10 % bromine for the raw textile , tool (10-4 %. Bromo prime in various secretions ( tears, saliva, egest , milk, bile) . To the melodic phrase of reasoning(a) military man bromine study ranges from 0 11 to 2.00 mg%. using hot bromine (82Br) schematic its selective compactness by the thyroidal secretory organ , kidney electric light and the pituitary secretor gland. administered to animals and reality bromides enlarge concentration of repressiv e processes in the noetic mantle , tin to the normalization of the nauseated system, change by the deal of the inhibitory process . at the same time , slow in the thyroid , bromine enters into a emulous blood with atomic number 53 , which affects the action of the gland , and in this cipher - and na state of metabolism .